![]() 1–5 In vivo studies have shown HTS to be associated with plasma nicotine concentrations comparable to those seen with cigarette smoking and increases in carbon monoxide levels that are much higher than those typically observed with cigarette smoking. Other studies have suggested that, compared with a single cigarette, 1 hookah smoking session may expose the user to more inhaled tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ![]() For example, the World Health Organization 1 has estimated that a hookah smoker may inhale as much smoke during 1 standard hookah tobacco smoking (HTS) session as a cigarette smoker would from 100 cigarettes. This practice is associated with substantial inhalation of smoke. Users inhale through the mouthpiece, drawing smoke through the hookah. Moist, sweetened, flavored tobacco is placed in the head, and lit charcoal is placed on it. Closing this gap in clean air regulation may significantly reduce exposure to HTS.Ī hookah, also known as a water pipe, consists of a head, body, bowl, and hose. Although three fourths of the largest US cities disallow cigarette smoking in bars, nearly 90% of these cities may permit HTS via exemptions. Cities in which HTS may be exempted had denser populations than cities without clean air legislation.Ĭonclusions. Although 73 of the 100 largest US cities have laws that disallow cigarette smoking in bars, 69 of these cities have exemptions that allow HTS 4 of the 69 have passed legislation specifically exempting HTS, and 65 may permit HTS via generic tobacco retail establishment exemptions. ![]() We developed a summary policy variable that distinguished among cities on the basis of how current tobacco control policies may apply to HTS and used multinomial logistic regression to determine associations between community-level sociodemographic variables and the policy outcome variable. We examined municipal, county, and state legal texts applying to the 100 largest US cities. We assessed how a representative sample of US tobacco control policies may apply to HTS. Although US cigarette smoking is decreasing, hookah tobacco smoking (HTS) is an emerging trend associated with substantial toxicant exposure. Internal applications, then our B2B based Bizapedia Pro API™ might be the answer for you.Objectives. If you are looking for something more than a web based search utility and need to automate company and officer searches from within your WHAT'S INCLUDED IN THE ADVANCED SEARCH FORM? The Bizapedia Pro API™ grants programmatic access to all the search forms and features you find on our site. Utilize our advanced search form to filter the search results by Company Name, City, State, Postal Code, Filing Jurisdiction, Entity Type, Registered Agent,įile Number, Filing Status, and Business Category. While logged in and authenticated, you will not be asked to solve any complicated Recaptcha V2 challenges. In addition, all pages on Bizapedia will be served to you completely ad freeĪnd you will be granted access to view every profile in its entirety, even if the company chooses to hide the private information on their profile from the general public. Your entire office will be able to use your search subscription. In addition, if we've collected "Sales Lead Information" for a given company, it will beĭisplayed on the company profile page along with the rest of the general data. With the Bizapedia Pro Search™ service you will get unlimited searches via our various search forms, with up to 5 times the number of If you are in need of enterprise level search, please consider signing up for a Bizapedia Pro Search account as described on this page. To protect our site, we cannot process your request right now. We are sorry, but your computer or network may be sending automated queries.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |